Although acupuncture is used to treat a variety of medical conditions, there is insufficient evidence to support its use in chronic rhinosinusitis.
![](https://www.enttoday.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ENT_0916_pg6a-150x150.png)
Although acupuncture is used to treat a variety of medical conditions, there is insufficient evidence to support its use in chronic rhinosinusitis.
In patients with suspected CRS based on symptoms but with normal endoscopic findings, an upfront CT scan is a viable option prior to initiating empiric medical therapy.
Based on the current literature, there is evidence to suggest a beneficial role of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) post lung transplantation in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with and without nasal polyposis.
Debate remains over the safest and most definitive operative approach: the Caldwell-Luc (CWL) approach, the endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) approach, or a combination of the two.
Available data suggest that complication rates of alloplastic implants are similar to those seen with autologous costal cartilage and may be acceptable in select patient populations.
There is insufficient evidence to support the use of acupuncture in CRS.
Multiple therapeutic options may be effective for treating mild pediatric OSA including observation, management with anti-inflammatory medications, and surgery.
Topical epinephrine is generally safe for use in endoscopic sinus surgery, with caution in adult patients with cardiovascular comorbidities.
The use of topical high-volume budesonide irrigation does not appear to have a significant effect on IOP and carries a low risk of HPA axis suppression when used long term.
Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is an effective treatment for medically refractory CRSwNP