There is an increased awareness of sleep-disordered breathing in children, but even after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A), between 5% and 10% of all cases have persistent obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Mounting evidence suggests that bacterial biofilms play a role in chronic inflammatory infections of the middle ear and sinuses.
Passed in 1996, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) -in particular, Title II, Preventing Health Care Fraud and Abuse; Administrative Simplification and Medical Liability-was intended to establish a federal floor of protections for managing the evolving technologies of storing and sharing electronic health information.
Since the early 1980s, more recognition has been given to the multiple factors that can cause voice disorders.
In 2004, President George W. Bush called for the establishment of a national health information technology (HIT) program by the year 2014.
ENToday recently reported on a move toward more conservative use of antibiotics and ventilation tubes in the treatment of pediatric ear infections.